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Customized hybrid bioscaffolds for bone regeneration
Šťastný, Přemysl ; Šupová,, Monika (referee) ; Pabst, Willi (referee) ; Trunec, Martin (advisor)
Doktorská práce s názvem Individualizované hybridní podpůrné struktury pro regeneraci kostní tkáně je rozdělena do dvou částí. První část si klade za cíl ukázat vzájemný vztah mezi implantovaným materiálem a kostní tkání a současný stav poznání v oblasti vývoje matriálů na bázi fosforečnanů vápenatých a z nich vyráběných implantátů pro regeneraci kostní tkáně. Koncept individualizace a pečlivého výběru fázového složení implantátu představuje stěžejní body druhé části práce. Individualizace v této práci není chápána jako pouhé dosažení tvarové a rozměrové přesnosti implantátu. Velká pozornost byla věnována mikrostrukturním detailům, fázovému složení a distribuci jednotlivých fází, což umožňuje připravit specifický materiál na základě zamýšlené aplikace. Biologická odezva na připravené materiály byla vyhodnocena pomocí in-vitro a in-vivo testů. Doktorská práce ukazuje jak pochopení základních chemických a fyzikálních vlastností materiálu může pomoc při návrhu implantátu s vynikající biologickou odezvou. In-vivo aplikace navrženého materiálu a jeho srovnání s autograftním kostním štěpem, současným zlatým standardem, je jedinečným a cenným výstupem předložené práce.
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Osteogenesis and bone healing in congenital short femur
Frydrychová, Monika ; Dungl, Pavel (advisor) ; Havlas, Vojtěch (referee) ; Charvát, Jan (referee)
Introduction: Congenital short femur, or proximal femoral focal deficiency (PFFD), is a rare complex deformity of the lower extremity with femoral dominance. The clinical findings cover wide range of variety, from femoral absence till inconspicuous shortening of the femur. Aim of the study: 1. Molecular analysis of pseudoarthrosis tissue in congenital short femur with focusing on osteogenic and angiogenic gene expression in comparison with physiological bone. The differences in gene expression were expected. 2. Retrospective analysis of femoral healing after prolongation calculating the severity of affection, age, distance of elongation and complication. The extended healing according to severity type and age was expected compared to control group. Material and methods: The RNA from piece of one was isolated and transcription profile of possible 113 genes of osteogenesis and angiogenesis was detected by biochip technology (SuperArray Bioscience Corporation). 10 samples analyses were performed (7 of PFFD, 3 controls). The data of 57 PFFD patients indicated for elongation of the femur with the types Pappas III, IV, VII, VIII and IX and 12 patients in control group were evaluated retrospectively and statistically by GLS method. Results: The expected differences in gene expression in PFFD tissue...
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Effect of magnetotherapy and distant electrotherapy on the healing process of bony tissue
Tobková, Martina ; Demeková, Júlia (advisor) ; Nováková, Pavlína (referee)
In my bachelor thesis I deal with the topic of magnetotherapy and distance electrotherapy in relation to the process of bone healing. The overview of theoretical knowledge provides basic information about bone tissue, its structure, fractures, differences between pediatric and adult fractures, its therapy and the healing process of bone tissue with fracture. I also write about both given therapies. The physical principle on which the therapies work, its effects, mechanism of these effects, parameters and indication groups of the therapies are described. The work also presents the results of some foreign research on the topic. In the practical part I deal with the confirmation of the true effect of both given physical therapies. The work involved 3 pediatric patients who received one of the therapies, as well as 10 patients from the control group who did not receive any therapy. X-rays taken immediately after the accident are compared with X-rays taken 4 and 6 weeks after the fracture. The healing phase is evaluated from X-rays according to Hammer's classification.
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Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in orthopedic: Potentiation of bone healing
Stehlík, David ; Trč, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janíček, Pavel (referee) ; Sedmera, David (referee)
The aim of the thesis was development of an innovative treatment of bone defects. Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) play a crucial role in bone healing. Clinical applications of MSC require large amount of cells, which could be obtained by autologous expansion of MSC harvested from bone marrow. As a first step, the standard protocol of MSC expansion based on αMEM medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used. Experiments replacing FBS by pooled human serum (HS) in the culture medium concluded in patenting of a new MSC cultivation protocol (EU 1999250, CR 301141). This one-step cultivation protocol and xenogeneic protein-free cultivation medium is based on CellGro® for Hematopoietic Cells' Medium, HS, human recombinant growth factors, dexamethasone, insulin and ascorbic acid. The preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments with MSC from both expansion protocols were carried out. Fibrillar polylactic scaffolds were seeded with MSC, cultured, differentiated and implanted in immunodeficient mice (NOD/LtSz-Rag1-). Bone-like mineralized tissue containing vessels was observed. The MSC cultured according to patented method were classified as Advanced-therapy Medicinal Product and has to fulfil the European Medicines Agency regulations to enter the clinical trials. Nevertheless the use of MSC seems...
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Skull Trepanation in Prehistory of the Europe: The Oldest Surgical Procedures
Moravec, Tomáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Pankowská, Anna (referee)
The main aim of the thesis is to provide a comprehensive overview of trepanations in the prehistory of Europe and to compile a brief overview of the oldest findings in Europe and closer in the Czech Republic. At first, the thesis deals with the types of trepanations according to their execution and the problems with trepanation diagnosis, where the work focuses on various groups of defects created by different mechanisms, which can be incorrectly diagnosed as trepanations. Further, the thesis deals with the reasons for trepanation and the description of the trepanations tools and techniques used in the prehistory. It also briefly mentions the first references to surgical interventions and the origin of anesthesia. Additionally, the thesis deals with the overview of the oldest findings in Europe and the Czech Republic and their brief description. And finally, there is a mention of trepanations at the present time.
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Skull trepanation in archaic ethnics
Moravec, Tomáš ; Komárek, Stanislav (advisor) ; Hroníková, Linda (referee)
This thesis is focused on skull trepanation in archaic ethnics. Trepanation has been used since the Stone Age almost all around the world and since that time have occured the constantly improved tools, trepanation techniques and used anesthesia. However to the present time we are not sure, what exactly was the motivation of then primitive nations to perform such a dangerous procedure. Trepanation has been the subject of many researches since the 19th century, which has been tasked with bringing closer knowledge about the procedure and what was the reason for doing it. This work should provide general knowledge about the topic of trepanations.
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Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in orthopedic: Potentiation of bone healing
Stehlík, David ; Trč, Tomáš (advisor) ; Janíček, Pavel (referee) ; Sedmera, David (referee)
The aim of the thesis was development of an innovative treatment of bone defects. Human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) play a crucial role in bone healing. Clinical applications of MSC require large amount of cells, which could be obtained by autologous expansion of MSC harvested from bone marrow. As a first step, the standard protocol of MSC expansion based on αMEM medium and fetal bovine serum (FBS) was used. Experiments replacing FBS by pooled human serum (HS) in the culture medium concluded in patenting of a new MSC cultivation protocol (EU 1999250, CR 301141). This one-step cultivation protocol and xenogeneic protein-free cultivation medium is based on CellGro® for Hematopoietic Cells' Medium, HS, human recombinant growth factors, dexamethasone, insulin and ascorbic acid. The preclinical in vitro and in vivo experiments with MSC from both expansion protocols were carried out. Fibrillar polylactic scaffolds were seeded with MSC, cultured, differentiated and implanted in immunodeficient mice (NOD/LtSz-Rag1-). Bone-like mineralized tissue containing vessels was observed. The MSC cultured according to patented method were classified as Advanced-therapy Medicinal Product and has to fulfil the European Medicines Agency regulations to enter the clinical trials. Nevertheless the use of MSC seems...
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Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma.
Hons, Ondřej ; Novotná, Irena (advisor) ; Křížková, Štěpánka (referee)
Title: Case study of physiotherapy treatment of a patient with polytrauma. Summary: The general part of the bachelor thesis deals with the topic of polytrauma. For a better understanding of this issue here will be briefly and chronologically described how to care for the affected patient with polytrauma. The possible damage to the tissue and its healing. I focused mainly on the bone tissue and its complication with emphasis on bone fractures. I deal in detail the anatomy of the bone tissue, its function, blood supply, and especially the very fractures, its healing and rebuilding. I also deal with the disturbances of bone healing and other possible complications associated with this issue. Finally i discuss general physiotherapy procedures and its usage in the diagnosis. In the practical part of the thesis there will be described case study of the patient treated for polytrauma. The case study contains kinesiological analysis, therapeutic units and evaluation of their effect. Keywords: polytrauma, bone tissue, bone fracture, bone healing, physiotherapeutic methods, therapy
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